光散射技术在蛋白质晶体生长研究中的应用和进展

光散射技术广泛应用于生物大分子的晶体生长研究中，它包括静态光散射和动态光散射两种。利用静态光散射可以测定蛋白质溶液渗透的第二维里系数；利用动态光散射可以测定蛋白质溶液的平动扩散系数，获得溶液中蛋白质粒子的流体力学半径及分布情况，分离蛋白质结晶的成核与生长过程，研究大分子的聚集行为和晶体生长的动力学。借助光散射技术可以实现蛋白质晶体生长过程的动态控制。近些年光散射仪器向着小型化、轻便化的方向发展，光散射技术不断得到改进，日益完善，不仅用于地面实验，也应用于空间领域蛋白质晶体生长的研究中。

The Application and Development of Laser Light Scattering in the Investigation of Protein Crystal Growth

Laser light scattering has been widely applied in crystal growth of macromolecule. It includes two different methods, static light scattering and dynamic light scattering. Static light scattering can measure the osmotic second virial coefficient of protein solution. Dynamic light scattering allows for determination of the translational diffusion coefficient and provides information about the size and distribution of molecules in solution. It can separate nucleation and growth processes in protein crystallization. It also can be used to investigate aggregative behaviors and the kinetics of crystallization in macromolecular systems. So the dynamical crystallization processes may be controlled. In the recent years, laser light scattering instruments become portable and miniaturization. The technique grows gradually perfect. It is used not only in the terrene experiments, but in the space experiments of protein crystal growth.