Heat transfer during bubble formation

The flow around a gas bubble forming at a submerged orifice without vaporisation is analysed both with and without heat transfer taking place from the bubble surface. The results of experiments are given in which high-speed photography was used to study air bubbling through four different sizes of orifice into water, for the isothermal and diabatic case. A numerical solution of the dimensionless equations using Hamming's modified predictor-corrector method gave excellent agreement with experimental measurements of the bubble volume-time history for both stages of growth as well as predicting accurately the transition point between the two stages. Most of the heat transfer was found to occur almost immediately after the start of bubble growth