Detailed analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon attenuation in biopiles by high-performance liquid chromatography followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography |
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Authors: | Debin Mao Richard Lookman Hendrik Van De Weghe Dirk Van Look Guido Vanermen Nicole De Brucker Ludo Diels |
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Institution: | 1. Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium;2. Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;3. Arcadis Belgium NV, Clara Snellingsstraat 27, B-2100 Deurne, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Enhanced bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in two biopiles was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCXGC). The attenuation of 34 defined hydrocarbon classes was calculated by HPLC–GCXGC analysis of representative biopile samples at start-up and after 18 weeks of biopile operation. In general, a-cyclic alkanes were most efficiently removed from the biopiles, followed by monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Cycloalkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were more resistant to degradation. A-cyclic biomarkers farnesane, trimethyl-C13, norpristane, pristane and phytane dropped to only about 10% of their initial concentrations. On the other hand, C29–C31 hopane concentrations remained almost unaltered after 18 weeks of biopile operation, confirming their resistance to biodegradation. They are thus reliable indicators to estimate attenuation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons in biopile processed soils. |
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Keywords: | Petroleum hydrocarbons Soil HPLC&ndash GCXGC Attenuation Biodegradation Biomarkers |
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