Characterization of reactive oxygen species generated by protoporphyrin IX under X-ray irradiation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;4. Department of Radiation Physics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;5. STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;6. Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;7. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland;2. Division of Cell Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland;1. Nano-Biophysics Lab, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, TX 76019, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, TX 75080, USA |
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| Abstract: | As a possible radiosensitizer candidate having biological compatibility, oncotropic property, and X-ray activation capability, contribution of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X-ray and UV irradiations were examined. To identify the kinds of ROS, 2-[6-(4-amino)phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl] benzoic acid (APF) and dihydroethidium (DHE) were used together with ethanol as a hydroxyl radical (OH ) quencher. All of the three species of our interest (OH, superoxide radical (O2−), and singlet oxygen (1O2)) were enhanced by PpIX under X-ray and UV irradiations in addition to those by radiolysis and photolysis. Its enhancement factors exceeded 1.7 depending on the concentrations of PpIX from 1.5 to 15.0 μg/ml. |
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