High aspect ratio nanocellulose from an extremophile spinifex grass by controlled acid hydrolysis |
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Authors: | Nasim Amiralian Pratheep K Annamalai Christopher J Garvey Edward Jiang Paul Memmott Darren J Martin |
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Institution: | 1.Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia;2.Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO),Lucas Heights, Sydney,Australia;3.Aboriginal Environments Research Centre (AERC),The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia |
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Abstract: | During the last two decades, work surrounding the preparation of a vast array of cellulose nanomaterials from both wood and non-wood based sources has steadily intensified. This study reports on the isolation of high aspect ratio nanocellulose from an arid grass source commonly called “spinifex”, Triodia pungens, via an optimised sulfuric acid hydrolysis protocol. The unique attributes of T. pungens have enabled pulping and bleaching under milder conditions than used in typically reported protocols, followed by relatively easy deconstruction into nanofibres with an unprecedentedly high aspect ratio. Hydrolysis of bleached T. pungens under these optimised processing conditions has yielded nanocellulose with a very high aspect ratio of 144 (average dimensions of 3.45 ± 1 nm × 497 ± 106 nm), a crystallinity of 73% and a production yield of 42%. Based on the spectroscopic and X-ray scattering analyses, an unusually high content of hemicellulose (42%) is correlated with both the ease of deconstruction and the retention of nanocellulose length. This high hemicellulose content also appears to give rise to a lower transverse stiffness than previously-reported values for wood sources. |
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