国产苧麻纤维结构的研究

本文对芦竹青、黑皮蔸、黄壳早三个苧麻品种的纤维,用X射线衍射法、密度法、光学双折射法测试了结构,分析了不同品种和不同生长部位的纤维结构上的差异,探索了苧麻纤维结构变化的规律以及纤维结构和性能间的关系。苧麻根、中、梢部位的纤维结构是不同的,其变化规律是结晶度、晶区取向度根部最大,中部次之,梢部最小;非晶取向度是梢部最大,中部次之,根部最小。在分析结构与性能关系的基础上,提出了结晶度和非晶取向度是影响纤维断裂强度和伸长率的主要结构因素的看法,以及把纤维结构和性能结合起来作为评定苧麻品种优劣的标准。

A STUDY ON STRUCTURES OF GHINA''''S RAMIE FIBRES

The fibre structures of the three varieties of China's ramie are measured by means of X-ray diffraction, density, and birefringence. The author analysis the differences between fibre structures of the different varieties and different parts, top, middle and root of degummed ramie, and furthermore, studies the law of changes in fibre structures as well as the relationships between fibre structures and properties, on the basis of which the auther thinks that crystallinity and non-crystalline orientation are the main factors influencing over the fibre breaking tenacity and the breaking elongation of fibres, and suggests a criterion of evaluating the quality and screening the variety of ramie.