超导量子计算核心器件

算力是数字经济时代新的生产力。量子计算基于量子力学的规律进行计算，人们普遍相信它可以在不久的将来在某些问题上完成经典计算机所无法完成的计算任务，实现量子优越性。作为最有可能实现通用量子计算的平台之一，以约瑟夫森结为核心元件的超导量子比特，在量子控制和量子测量方面具有稳定、可靠、便于设计和扩展等独特的优势，受到科学界甚至产业界的广泛关注，正在高速发展。文章围绕约瑟夫森结这一具有非线性和无耗散特征的超导量子器件，阐述了超导量子比特的基本原理及结构特征，重点介绍超导量子芯片设计、加工方面的前沿进展，并对未来发展方向进行简单的展望。

Core devices for superconducting quantum computing

Computing power is a new source of productivity in the era of digital economy. Quantum computing, which is built on the principles of quantum mechanics, is believed to be capable of performing tasks that cannot be computed by classical computers, and will exhibit great advantages in the near future. As one of the most promising platforms for universal quantum computing, superconducting qubits possess unique advantages including stability, reliability, and convenient production in quantum control and measurement. In this article we review the principle and properties of superconducting qubits based on nonlinear and nondissipative Josephson junctions. We then summarize some recent developments in fabrication. Finally, we briefly summarize the outlook for superconducting quantum computing.