Development of ionomer membranes for fuel cells |
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| Institution: | 1. Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Dip. Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, 00133 Roma, Italy;2. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, MADIREL UMR 7246, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France;1. MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, PERSEE-Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, rue Claude Daunesse, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France;2. MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CEMEF-Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux-UMR CNRS 7635, rue Claude Daunesse, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France;3. Centre des Matériaux C2MA, Ecole des Mines d’Alès, 6 avenue de Clavières, F-30319 Alès Cedex, France;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovolatic Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, China;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States;3. Jiangnan Graphene Research Institute, Changzhou 213100, Jiangsu, China;4. Micro/Nano Science and Technology Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;2. Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;1. Department of Physics, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China;2. Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China;3. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;5. Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, China;6. Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China |
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| Abstract: | In this contribution an overview is given about the state-of-the-art at the membrane development for proton-conductive polymer (composite) membranes for the application membrane fuel cells, focusing on the membrane developments in this field performed at ICVT.For preparation of the polymers, processes have been developed for sulfonated arylene main-chain polymers as well as for arylene main-chain polymers containing basic N-containing groups, including a lithiation step. Covalently cross-linked polymer membranes have been prepared by alkylation of the sulfinate groups of sulfinate group-containing polymers with α,ω-dihalogenoalkanes. The advantage of the covalently cross-linked ionomer membranes was their dimensional stability even at temperatures of 80–90°C, their main disadvantage their brittleness when drying out, caused by the inflexible covalent network. Sulfonated and basic N-containing polymers (commercial polymers as well as self-developed ones) have been combined to acid–base blends containing ionic cross-links. The main advantage of these membrane type was its flexibility even when dried-out, its good to excellent thermal stability, and the numerous possibilities to combine acidic and basic polymers to blend membranes having fine-tuned properties. The main disadvantage of this membrane type was the insufficient dimension stability at T>70–90°C, caused by breakage of the ionic cross-links, where the ionic cross-links broke as easier as lower the basicity of the polymeric base was. Some of the acid–base blend membranes were applied to H2 membrane fuel cells and to direct methanol fuel cells up to 100°C, yielding the result that these membranes show very good perspectives in the membrane fuel cell application. |
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