Ethical issues in modeling: Some reflections |
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| Institution: | 1. MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK;2. Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA;3. Kantar Health, Foster City, CA 94404, USA;4. Bayer Healthcare North America, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA;5. Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;6. Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;7. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA;8. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Health Research Unit, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;9. Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;10. Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;11. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany;1. CIFASIS Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas, Ocampo y Esmeralda, S2000EZP Rosario, Argentina;2. FCEIA – UNR, Rosario, Argentina;3. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ENSAM, Université de Toulon, LSIS UMR 7296, 13397 Marseille, France;1. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550004, People׳s Republic of China;2. School of Continuous Education, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550004, People׳s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Ethics are involved in a model’s purposes (for example, the purpose might be to increase a heroin dealer’s profits). These purposes imply consideration of the various stakeholders (modelers, users, public) and their values. Ethics also concern professional standards of conduct for the modelers. These standards require that the modelers validate the model assumptions. Hence, modelers should provide model documentation. Validation, however, is virtually impossible when the model represents unique events, such as nuclear accidents; credibility is then the maximum attainable. Anyhow, modelers should try to develop ‘robust’ models; that is, models that are not very sensitive to their assumptions. This article pays special attention to the use of models in crime, war, and nuclear applications, which might be controversial applications indeed. It also discusses freedom of science. Hopefully, this article will stimulate further discussion in the academic community! |
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