Four-fermion interaction in relativistic heavy ion collisions |
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Authors: | G. M. Zinovjev S. V. Molodtsov |
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Affiliation: | 17340. Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 03680, Ukraine 27340. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia 37340. Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218, Russia
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Abstract: | A (nearly) perfect liquid discovered in experiments with ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated by studying the quark ensembles with four-fermion interaction considered as a fundamental theoretical approach. A comparative analysis of several quantum liquid models is performed, allowing one to conclude that the presence of gas-liquid phase transition is a characteristic feature of those models. The problem of the instability of the quark droplets with the small number of quarks, related with a possible formation of a chiral soliton, is discussed. A mixed phase of vacuum and baryon matter, as a possible scenario of its stability, is studied. Some aspects of the color superconductivity are considered. In addition, a recently proposed nontrivial thermodynamic state, called the fermion condensate, is studied. An analysis of unexpected opportunity to link the bare and effective coupling constants is performed within the framework of a simple model. It is pointed out that a simple subtraction procedure leads to the finite result without a typical logarithmic singularity for the observed coupling constant as a function of the transferred energy. |
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