Neutrino exploration of the earth |
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| Authors: | A De Rújula SL Glashow RR Wilson G Charpak |
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| Institution: | CERN, Geneva, Switzerland;Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.;Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, U.S.A.;CERN, Geneva, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | We show how the neutrinos produced by a multi-TeV proton synchotron may be used for purposes of geological research. Project GENIUS (geological exploration by neutrino-induced underground sound) is designed to search for deposits of oil and gas at large distances from the accelerator. It depends upon the coherent sound signal produced at depth by millions of neutrino interactions along the underground neutrino beam. Surface measurements of the acoustic pulse provide a remote underground probe. Project GEMINI (geological exploration with muons induced by neutrino interactions) is designed to search for distant deposits of high-Z ores. It depends upon the surface measurement of neutrino-induced muons which were produced in the last few kilometers of the neutrinos' underground voyage. Project GEOSCAN is a flux-independent procedure to determine the vertical density profile of the Earth, and especially its core. It depends upon the angle and energy dependence of the attenuation as the neutrino beam traverses the whole Earth. |
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