Triphenylmethane dyes as fluorescent probes for G-quadruplex recognition |
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Authors: | Jun-Hong Guo De-Ming Kong Han-Xi Shen |
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Affiliation: | a Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Nankai University), Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China b Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China c Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China |
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Abstract: | Triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes normally render rather weak fluorescence due to easy vibrational deexcitation. However, when they stack onto the two external G-quartets of a G-quadruplex (especially intramolecular G-quadruplex), such vibrations will be restricted, resulting in greatly enhanced fluorescence intensities. Thus, TPM dyes may be developed as sensitive G-quadruplex fluorescent probes. Here, fluorescence spectra and energy transfer spectra of five TPM dyes in the presence of G-quadruplexes, single- or double-stranded DNAs were compared. The results show that the fluorescence spectra of four TPM dyes can be used to discriminate intramolecular G-quadruplexes from intermolecular G-quadruplexes, single- and double-stranded DNAs. The energy transfer fluorescence spectra and energy transfer fluorescence titration can be used to distinguish G-quadruplexes (including intramolecular and intermolecular G-quadruplexes) from single- and double-stranded DNAs. Positive charges and substituent size in TPM dyes may be two important factors in influencing the binding stability of the dyes and G-quadruplexes. |
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Keywords: | Fluorescent probe Triphenylmethane dye G-quadruplex Double-stranded DNA Single-stranded DNA |
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