Axial polarizability and weak currents in nuclei

The effect of the isobaric excitations on the weak axial coupling constants in nuclei is studied through P.C.A.C. We first establish the Klein-Gordon equation for the virtual pion field in the nucleus; it takes into account pion rescattering. The influence of isobar excitation is contained in the axial polarizability coefficient which is linked to the p-wave π-N scattering volume. The derivation of this equation stresses its analogies with electromagnetism. We give then a basic relation between the axial current and the pionic field. It incorporates the effects of the isobars in the axial polarizability, which leads naturally to an electromagnetic analog. We show that this relation leads in heavy nuclei to a quenching of the axial coupling constant by the Lorentz-Lorenz factor, which may originate from the short range or the Pauli correlations, depending on the range of the π-N forces. Hence this quenching may have a different origin than the existence of short-range correlations and may arise from a Pauli blocking effect. On the other hand, the pseudoscalar coupling constant is found to be strongly suppressed. In finite nuclei, these basic quenchings can be masked by surface effects, the general features of which are studied with the help of a solvable model. This model is further used to obtain the asymptotic pion field which is linked to the effective pion-nucleus coupling constant and can be determined experimentally through π-nucleus dispersion relations. We find that this quantity is quenched, in agreement with recent experimental data.