The role of biodegradation during bioventing of soil contaminated with jet fuel |
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Authors: | G Malina J T C Grotenhuis |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Czestochowa, Dabrowskiego 69, 42-200 Czesto chowa, Poland;(2) Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Systems Technology, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | The enhancing rem oval of kerosene (jet fuel) from contaminated soil during bioventing resulting from biodegradation was compared
to the physical removal by evaporation only on bench-scale columns at the controlled temperature of 20°C (±2.5°C). Carbon
dioxide-free air and nitrogen were used as flushing gases, at the constant continuous flow rate of 1 dm3/h. Kerosene concentrations in soil up to 35000 mg/kg were not toxic for indigenous microbial population. Much slower kerosene
biodegradation rates observed for soil from a contaminated site, as compared to soil artificialy contaminated with kerosene,
were the result of a lower bioavailability of “aged” kerosene, and the presence of compounds that might be persistent or toxic
to kerosene-specific degraders. The inhibitory effect of toluene to indigenous microorganisms was found at above 75% of the
toluene saturation concentrations in the gas phase.
After 29 d, the overall bioventing efficiency was 17–23%, depending on whether CO2 production or O2 uptake wasused for caculations, as compared to the removal of 10% when biodegradation was excluded. The increase in efficiency
by 50–100% owing to biodegradation would be more spectacular at lowr kerosene concentrations during the “tailing” phase, with
diffusionlimited desorption, and much lower evaporation of less volatile constituents. Limitation of bioventing as a result
of low bioavailability related to intraparticle sorption of residual contamination is discussed. |
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Keywords: | Kerosene Biodegradation evaporation bench-scale columns unsaturated zone efficiency bioavailability sorption |
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