Surface termination of BaTiO3 (001) single crystals: A combined electron spectroscopic and theoretical study |
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Authors: | Andrea Berlich Heiko Strauss Christian Langheinrich Angelika Chassé Harald Morgner |
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Affiliation: | 1. Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraβe 2, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;2. Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Institut für Physik, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, D-06120 Halle, Germany |
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Abstract: | The surface termination of oxide surfaces is of crucial importance for the growth of a second material like metals or other oxides. In this study we have investigated the surface of a BaTiO3 (001) single crystal during sample preparation by various electron spectroscopic methods. It is shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES) that during sputtering a Ba rich overlayer is formed, in which the Ba2+ ions are under coordinated. Below this layer, an oxygen deficient BaTiO3 layer is found. During annealing, we observe the reformation of the crystalline structure. UP and MIE spectra provide clear evidence of a BaO terminated surface. X-ray photoelectron diffraction studies support this result, comparing recorded polar angle scans with calculated intensity modulations using multiple scattering cluster models. |
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