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DERIVATION OF THE LEHNERT FIELD EQUATIONS FROM GAUGE THEORY IN VACUUM: SPACE CHARGE AND CURRENT
Authors:P K Anastasovski  T E Bearden  C Ciubotariu  W T Coffey  L B Crowell  G J Evans  M W Evans  R Flower  S Jeffers  A Labounsky  B Lehnert  M Mészáros  P R Molnár  J P Vigier  S Roy
Institution:(1) Institute for Advanced Study, Alpha Foundation, hungary;(2) 11 Rutafa Street, Building H, Budapest, H-1165, Hungary;(3) Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Physics, University of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;(4) CTEC Inc., Huntsville, Alabama;(5) Institute for Information Technology, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany;(6) Department of Microelectronics and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland;(7) Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;(8) Trinity College, Carnarthen, United Kingdom, SA3 3EP;(9) Former Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, SY32 1NE Wales, United Kingdom;(10) Applied Science Associates, USA;(11) Temple University Center for Frontier Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;(12) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Canada;(13) The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California;(14) Alfvén Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden;(15) Laboratoire de Gravitation et Cosmologie Relativistes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 142, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France;(16) George Mason University, Virginia;(17) Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India
Abstract:It is shown that the Lehnert field equations in vacuum, with concomitant space charge and current, can be derived straightforwardly from standard gauge theory applied in vacuum, using the concept of covariant derivative and Feynman's universal influence. The Lehnert and Proca field equations are shown to be inter-related through the well-known de Broglie theorem, in which the photon mass can be interpreted as finite. These ideas go some way towards addressing the inconsistency inherent in Maxwell's famous displacement current, which has no concomitant vacuum space charge.
Keywords:Lehnert vacuum charge currents  gauge theory
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