Generation of X-rays due to multiple runaway breakdown inside thunderclouds |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States\n;2. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, United States\n;3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;1. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;2. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;3. Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Southern California, United States;4. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;5. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | Generation of X-rays due to multiple runaway breakdown inside thunderclouds is discussed. The model is based on the recently developed kinetic theory of the runaway breakdown, and detailed theory of the X-rays propagation in the atmosphere from the source to detector, which is determined by the Compton scattering. The model is shown to be in qualitative agreement with observations of the X-ray spectrum. A comparison with the observed electric field distribution and X-ray emission is consistent with the existence of a preconditioning fast charge transfer. Both fast electrons having short lifetime and slow moving ions having long lifetime make a significant input into the charge transfer. |
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