Critical flux measurement for model colloids |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;2. School of Chemistry, Physics & Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;1. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2. College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224003, China;1. Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;1. Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov str. 13, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;3. Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The conventional operating membrane of a laboratory membrane filtration process is to apply controlled transmembrane pressures to the retentate side of the membrane, with the permeate side open ended. Often the minimum transmembrane pressure available is sufficient to cause membrane fouling in a given system. A membrane rig has been built which monitors transmembrane pressure in increments of 0.001 bar and by pumping permeate at a specified rate controls the flux to be constant. The technique used allows sensitive detection of trace fouling. Under a variety of low flux conditions fouling was not observed and it was found to be useful to produce an experimentally related definition of two types of critical flux. In the first definition a `strong form' of critical flux exists if the flux of a suspension is identical to the flux of clean water at the same transmembrane pressure. In the second definition a `weak form' of the critical flux exists if the relationship between transmembrane pressure and flux is linear, but the slope of the line differs from that for clean water. This paper describes how the use of this operating mode led to the successful experimental measurements of critical fluxes for two colloidal silica suspensions, BSA solution and a baker's yeast suspension with a 50k MWCO membrane. These measurements could not be made successfully in constant-pressure mode. The paper also reports experimental evidence in support of a `strong form' of the critical flux for the filtration of X30 silica suspension. Finally, we report the effect of membrane pore size on critical flux measurements for the three types of feed fluids. |
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