Application of charged membranes in water softening: modeling and experiments in the presence of polyelectrolytes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;2. Department of Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia;3. Kliniken am Goldenen Steig, KH Grafenau, Kardiologie/Innere Medizin, Grafenau, Germany;4. Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;5. HeartBeam Inc, Santa Clara, California, USA;1. Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA;2. Laboratory Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;3. Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;4. Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;5. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;1. National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China;2. School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China;1. G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, India;2. Symbosis Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India;1. CICECO and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. TEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;3. LAQV-REQUIMTE & CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | In this paper theoretical and experimental results for water softening by bipolar membranes in the presence of polyelectrolytes have been presented. A modified capillary model is introduced for flow of a multiion solution through the membrane. The most important modifications are: an integral boundary condition in Poisson equation and a coupling coefficient in the convective molar flux by using the modified Faxen equation. In addition, electrical permittivity of solution has not been considered as a constant. The predictions of the model were compared well with the experimental data obtained by using bipolar membranes in a recirculating test system in the presence of polyelectrolytes. |
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