双光子荧光探针研究及其应用*

双光子荧光显微成像兼具诸如近红外激发、暗场成像、避免荧光漂白和光致毒、定靶激发、高横向分辨率与纵向分辨率、降低生物组织吸光系数及降低组织自发荧光干扰等特点而显著地优于单光子荧光显微成像，为生命科学研究提供了更为锐利的工具。而用于像离子的含量及其对生理的影响、离子参与的生理活动机制、离子与分子的作用、特定分子的分布及其相互作用等方面研究的双光子荧光探针，是实现成像的关键。双光子荧光探针的研究旨在促进双光子荧光显微镜应用的发展，促进生命科学、医学科学的快速发展，同时也带动双光子荧光探针所隶属的化学这一学科的发展。因此对双光子荧光探针的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。该文综述了双光子荧光显微成像的优点、双光子荧光探针设计的原理及双光子荧光探针在离子分析方面的应用，并展望了这类荧光探针的发展趋势与应用前景。

Progress and Application of Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes

Two-photon fluorescence imaging with such properties as NIR(near infrared) photons as excitation source,imaging in the black background,avoidance of photodamage and photobleaching,fixed target excitation,high transverse and longitudinal resolutions,small absorption coefficient of light in tissue,lower tissue auto-fluorescence,etc.is superior to one-photon fluorescence imaging,and is a powerful tool for life science studies.Two-photon fluorescence probes applied to studies on the contents of ions and the effects of their contents upon physiology,physiological action mechanisms of ions,interplays between ions and molecules,distributions of specific molecules and their interactions,and so on,play an important role in imaging.The aim of the studies on two-photon fluorescence probes is to promote the developments of the applications for two-photon fluorescence microscopies,life science and medicine,and chemistry to which two-photon fluorescence probes are subject.Undoubtedly,the developments and applications of two-photon fluorescence probes are significantly meaningful in theory and practice.The advantages of two-photon fluorescence imaging, the principles of design for two-photon fluorescent probes and their applications in ions analyses are reviewed.In particular,the prospects in the future are also discussed.