火灾烟气毒害物HCl和HCN的分析及危害性评价方法

火灾是一种失去控制的燃烧,具有双重性规律。火灾产生的有害烟气是造成人员伤亡的主要原因。本文选定火灾中主要的有害燃烧产物氯化氢(HCl)和氰化氢(HCN)作为目标气体,考虑了影响实验数据的各种因素,通过对实验数据的分析,证明了“等生成率假设”在考虑火灾中其它影响因素如温度时是不正确的;分析实验浓度变化曲线达到致死浓度的关键时间,提出了一种新的火灾烟气对人员伤亡影响的危险性评价体系,为火灾燃烧有害产物释放机理研究在工程技术上的应用奠定了基础。

ANALYSIS AND HAZARD EVALUATION METHOD FOR THE FIRE TOXIC EFFLUENTS: HYDROGEN CHLORIDE AND HYDROGEN CYANIDE

Fire is one type of combustion lost of control, which has both the characteristic of certainty and randomicity. Fire smoke toxicity is the main reason for the victims and injuries in fire. This paper selects hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanide as the study objects, which are the primary fire toxic effluents. Considering various effecting factors to the experimental data such as fire temperature, the analysis prove that the "equal production hypothesis" is incorrect. The paper analysis the critical time for the concentration curve to arrive the lethal value, presents one new hazard evaluation system of fire toxic effluents and establishes the basis for the technology engineering application of the fire toxic effluents' emission mechanism study.