ICP-MS法测定海洋鲸豚的微量元素及其健康风险评估

建立了微波消解电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)法测定珠江口水域搁浅的七种不同鲸豚肌肉，肝脏和肾脏中的V，Cr，Cu，Zn，As，Cd，Ni，Mn，Se，Hg，Pb等11种微量元素的分析方法，并对七种鲸豚肝脏中的Zn，Cu，Cd，Hg，Se五种元素进行了健康风险评估。采用国际标准物质TORT-2进行测定，结果显示，11种微量元素的测定值均在保证值和标准值范围内，其相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.54%，表明该方法具有良好的准确度和精密度，适合于鲸豚体内微量元素的测定。数据分析表明，相同海豚不同组织器官微量元素含量具有显著差异，呈现组织特异性;不同种海豚对微量元素的富集能力存在一定的种间差异性。微量元素在鲸豚体内的分布呈现一定的规律性：大部分元素在肝、肾脏中的含量远高于在肌肉中的含量，Cu，Mn，Hg，Se，Zn等元素主要在肝脏中积累，而Cd主要在肾脏中积累。健康风险评估结果显示，Se和Cu在7头鲸豚肝脏中均超标，超标率达100%，提示这七种鲸豚均受到了一定程度的微量元素污染。实验结果为使用微波消解ICP-MS法研究鲸豚微量元素提供了指导，对国内条纹原海豚，瓶鼻海豚，沙捞越海豚，灰海豚脏器微量元素进行了研究报道，以期为鲸豚保育工作提供宝贵数据。

Determination of Trace Elements in Marine Cetaceans by ICP-MS and Health Risk Assessment

The liver, kidney and muscle samples from seven cetaceans were digested by microwave digestion, and trace elements amounts of V, Cd, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Ni, Mn, Se, Hg and Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the health risk assessment for Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, Se in the liver was conducted. The results of international lobster hepatopancreas standard (TORT-2) showed acceptable agreement with the certified values, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of eleven kinds of trace elements were less than 3.54%, showing that the method is suitable for the determination of trace elements in cetaceans. The experimental results indicated that different tissues and organs of the dolphins had different trace elements, presenting the tissue specificity. There is a certain inter-species difference among different dolphins about the bioaccumulation ability of the trace elements. The distribution of trace elements in whales presented a certain regularity: the contents of most elements in liver, kidney were much higher than the contents of muscle tissues, Cu, Mn, Hg, Se, and Zn exhibit the higher concentrations in liver, while Cd was mainly accumulated in kidney. And according to the health risk assessment in liver, the exceeding standardrate of selenium and copper in seven kinds of whales was 100%, suggesting that these whales were suffering the contamination of trace elements. The experimental results is instructive to the study of trace elements in cetaceans, while this is the first report for the concentrations in organs of Striped dolphin, Bottlenose dolphin, Fraser’s Dolphin and Risso’s dolphin in China, it may provide us valuable data for the conservation of cetaceans.