宁波市旅游生态足迹的计算与分析

旅游生态足迹是生态经济学测度旅游活动对生态环境影响和旅游业可持续发展程度的新方法. 基于生态足迹的理论和方法, 从旅游者消费结构特征出发, 将城市旅游生态足迹构建为6个活动组别计算模型, 运用模型对宁波市旅游业生态足迹进行测评, 结果表明: (1)2007、2010和2013年宁波市人均均衡旅游生态足迹分别为209.02、273.81和312.64m2; (2)宁波市旅游生态足迹的变化主要与游客的数量、消费结构以及游客旅游时所选择的旅游方式有关; (3)旅游交通生态足迹在这三年中的生态占用比重最大, 其次是餐饮生态足迹; (4)宁波市的区内旅游生态足迹空间分割率为74%, 区际和全球的分别为24%和2%. 交通工具的合理选择与安排, 以及加强区际间的联系, 是实现宁波市旅游可持续发展的有效途径.

Calculation and analysis of the touristic ecological footprint in Ningbo

Touristic Ecological Footprint (TEF) is a new useful method of ecological economics that is used to assess the impact on ecological environment by the number of tourists and the extent of sustainable development of tourism. Based on the theory of the ecological footprint, and from the perspective of tourist consumption structure, the model of TEF is divided into six calculation models of tourism activities groups. In the paper the TEF model is applied to assess the ecological footprint of Ningbo tourism. It reaches following conclusions: 1) Using the synthetic method, the indices of TEF is calculated per capital at year 2007, 2010 and 2013, and the results are 209.02, 273.81 and 312.64m2 respectively in Ningbo; 2) The key factor affecting TEF includes the number of tourists, the consumption structure and the choice of travel model; 3) Tourist transportation ecological footprint has always been the largest part of TEF in the three years, followed by catering ecological footprint; 4) Spatial partition rate of TEF in Ningbo is 74%, interregional and global is 24% and 2% respectively. It turns out that the most effective approach to achieve the sustainable tourism development is to encourage people to select transportation facility reasonably and better facilitate the interregional connection.