中国滨海蓝碳及其人为活动影响

滨海蓝碳是指红树林、盐沼和海草床等滨海湿地生态系统植被固定的二氧化碳（CO₂）。发展滨海蓝碳是缓解气候变暖的全球战略之一，在海岸带保护、管理和恢复中具有潜在意义。我国滨海湿地面临的人为干扰，如海堤的挤迫、富营养化和城市化等，改变了生态系统的结构和功能，限制了生态系统固碳功能。由于我国滨海湿地的碳储量和碳汇研究缺乏系统观测，现有估算还有很大数据缺口。因此，本文对滨海蓝碳的定义和应用、我国滨海湿地的分布现状及其储碳、固碳特征进行系统梳理，并从滨海湿地保护和修复的国家需求、碳中和（Carbon Neutrality）的国家战略出发，提出研究我国滨海湿地储碳和碳汇能力及其时空演变规律的重要意义。

Coastal Blue Carbon Sink in China under the Influence of Human Activity

Coastal blue carbon refers to carbon dioxide (CO₂) fixed by vegetation in coastal wetland ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass beds. Developing coastal blue carbon is one of the global strategies to mitigate climate warming and has potential significance in the protection, management and restoration of coastal zone. The human disturbance faced by coastal wetlands in China, such as the squeeze of seawalls, eutrophication and urbanization, had changed the structure and function of ecosystems and limited the carbon sequestration function of ecosystems. Due to the lack of systematic observation on carbon storage and carbon sink of coastal wetlands in China, there was still a big data gap in the existing estimation. Therefore, in this article, the definition and application of coastal blue carbon, the distribution status of coastal wetlands in China, and the characteristics of carbon storage and carbon sequestration were systematically reviewed. And based on the national demand for the protection and restoration of coastal wetlands and the national strategy of carbon neutrality, this article puts forward the significance of studying the carbon storage and carbon sink capacity of coastal wetlands in China and its temporal and spatial evolution.