Determination of glyphosate in groundwater samples using an ultrasensitive immunoassay and confirmation by on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry |
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Authors: | Josep?Sanchís Lina?Kantiani Marta?Llorca Fernando?Rubio Antoni?Ginebreda Josep?Fraile Teresa?Garrido Email author" target="_blank">Marinella?FarréEmail author |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC),Barcelona,Spain;2.Abraxis LLC,Warminster,USA;3.Catalan Water Agency,Barcelona,Spain |
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Abstract: | Despite having been the focus of much attention from the scientific community during recent years, glyphosate is still a challenging
compound from an analytical point of view because of its physicochemical properties: relatively low molecular weight, high
polarity, high water solubility, low organic solvent solubility, amphoteric behaviour and ease to form metal complexes. Large
efforts have been directed towards developing suitable, sensitive and robust methods for the routine analysis of this widely
used herbicide. In the present work, a magnetic particle immunoassay (IA) has been evaluated for fast, reliable and accurate
part-per-trillion monitoring of glyphosate in water matrixes, in combination with a new analytical method based on solid-phase
extraction (SPE), followed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), for the confirmatory
analysis of positive samples. The magnetic particle IA has been applied to the analysis of about 140 samples of groundwater
from Catalonia (NE Spain) collected during four sampling campaigns. Glyphosate was present above limit of quantification levels
in 41% of the samples with concentrations as high as 2.5 μg/L and a mean concentration of 200 ng/L. Good agreement was obtained
when comparing the results from IA and on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS analyses. In addition, no false negatives were obtained by the
use of the rapid IA. This is one of the few works related to the analysis of glyphosate in real groundwater samples and the
presented data confirm that, although it has low mobility in soils, glyphosate is capable of reaching groundwater. |
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