金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米光电材料的研究进展

金属卤化物钙钛矿广泛应用于太阳能电池、发光二极管和纳米激光器等领域,引起了科学家们极大的兴趣.纳米材料由于具有量子约束和较强的各项异性,表现出与普通块体材料不同的光学和电学性质.金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米材料具有可调节带隙、高量子效率、强的光致发光、量子约束效应和长的载流子寿命等优点,并且其成本低、储量丰富、易于合成多种化合物,有很广阔的光电应用前景.但另一方面,钙钛矿由于表面存在陷阱缺陷状态以及晶体边界导致稳定性较差,环境中的水、氧气、紫外线和温度等因素会使其光电性能大幅度降低.本文介绍量子点、纳米线、纳米片钙钛矿纳米材料的合成与生长机制,并且讨论其新奇的光电性能及在各种光电设备中的应用.最后总结了钙钛矿材料新出现的挑战并讨论了下一代金属卤化物钙钛矿光电设备应用.

Research progress of metal halide perovskite nanometer optoelectronic materials

Metal halide perovskites,which have aroused the enormous interest from scientists recently,are widely used in a variety of areas such as solar cells,light emitting diodes(LED)and lasers.Nanomaterials exhibit distinguished optical and electrical properties because of their quantum confinement as well as strong anisotropy.The metal halide perovskite nanomaterials have the advantages of adjustable band gap,high quantum efficiency,strong photoluminescence,quantum confinement and long carrier-lifetime.Besides,as a result of the low-cost fabrication and the sufficient raw material reserve,they have a broad prospect in photoelectric applications.But on the other hand,the poor stability of metal halide perovskites,due to the defect trap states and grain boundaries on the surface,cast a shadow towards their practical applications.The moisture,oxygen and ultraviolet of the environment will degrade their photoelectric performances significantly.In this review,we introduce the synthesis and growth mechanism of metal perovskite nanomaterial quantum dots,nanowires and nanoplatelets,and present their novel photoelectric properties and applications in various photoelectric devices.Finally we summarize the emerging challenges and discuss the next-generation photoelectric applications.