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Silicon-containing polymers for non-linear optics
Authors:Afanas'ev  A.V.  Antipov  O.L.  Benfield  R.E.  Bushuk  B.A.  Bushuk  S.B.  Domrachev  G.A.  Douglas  W.E.  Fominikh  Zh.  Jones  R.G.  Klapshina  L.G.  Kuzhelev  A.S.  Lopatina  Tatiana I.  Mustafa  Alkay  Rubinov  A.N.  Semenov  V.V.  Yurasova  Irena V.  Zinoviev  A.P.
Affiliation:(1) Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Uljanov Street 46, Nizhny Novgorod, 603600, Russia;(2) School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7 NR, U.K;(3) Laboratory of Laser Dyes, B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skoriny Avenue 70, Minsk, 220072, Bielorussia;(4) G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Metallo-Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinin Street 49, GSP-445, Nizhny Novgorod, 603600, Russia;(5) CNRS UMR 5637, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;(6) Present address: Canadian Space Agency, Space Technologies, 6767 route de l'Aéroport, St-Hubert, Québec, Canada, J3Y 8Y9
Abstract:A variety of novel poly[ethynediyl-arylidene-ethynediyl-silylene]s (PEAES), including those containing hypercoordinate silicon atom as well as donor and acceptor groups, has been synthesized. The presence of hypercoordinate silicon favours high values of fast Kerr-type non-linearities, and the incorporation of amide groups gives rise to good optical quality nanocomposites in a silica matrix. The inorganic-organic hybrid sol-gel film incorporating 5–14 mass% of the polymer containing pentacoordinate silicon showed Rechi (3) = –9.5 ×10–11 esu. The predominant rôle of the electron nonlinear mechanism has been demonstrated by using test beams with linear and circular polarizations. The photorefractive properties of composites based on PEAES as optical chromophores, poly(9-vinylcarbazole) as photoconductor, N-ethylcarbazole and phenyltrimethoxysilane as plasticizer, and fullerenes as charge generators have been investigated. The nonlinear optical effects, including four-wave mixing and two-beam coupling were studied at 633 nm without preliminary electric poling. The photorefractive origin of the refractive index changes was confirmed by the high two-beam gain under an externally applied electric field. Refractive index gratings affording two-beam gain can also be written under zero field conditions. To explain this unique property of the materials it is suggested that chromophore orientation asymmetry arises either during film formation or is induced by the longitudinal intensity gradient.
Keywords:Kerr  third-order  non-linear optics  photorefraction  organometallic  polymer
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