Ultrafast x-ray scattering of xenon nanoparticles: imaging transient states of matter |
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Authors: | Bostedt C Eremina E Rupp D Adolph M Thomas H Hoener M de Castro A R B Tiggesbäumker J Meiwes-Broer K-H Laarmann T Wabnitz H Plönjes E Treusch R Schneider J R Möller T |
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Affiliation: | Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universit?t Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany. bostedt@slac.stanford.edu |
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Abstract: | Femtosecond x-ray laser flashes with power densities of up to 10(14) W/cm(2) at 13.7 nm wavelength were scattered by single xenon clusters in the gas phase. Similar to light scattering from atmospheric microparticles, the x-ray diffraction patterns carry information about the optical constants of the objects. However, the high flux of the x-ray laser induces severe transient changes of the electronic configuration, resulting in a tenfold increase of absorption in the developing nanoplasma. The modification in opaqueness can be correlated to strong atomic charging of the particle leading to excitation of Xe(4+). It is shown that single-shot single-particle scattering on femtosecond time scales yields insight into ultrafast processes in highly excited systems where conventional spectroscopy techniques are inherently blind. |
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