控制理论——模型论还是控制论

控制理论发展历史中的最近30年称为现代控制理论时期.学者们从不同角度描述过这一时期各个阶段的特征,也展望过未来发展趋势.我们从另一角度概括这一时期的特征为控制理论发展史中的“模型论”时期.建立控制系统的模型、分析系统的模型、依靠模型寻求控制律,是这一时期主流的思考方式.无论是线性系统还是非线性系统,无论是状态空间法还是频域法,系统的数学模型是研究问题的出发点(分析与设计)或归宿(建模与辨识).数学模型作为研究对象,以科学发展史上少见的速度和广度提出揭开控制系统本

CONTROL THEORY,IS IT A MODEL ANALYSIS APPROACH OR A DIRECT CONTROL APPROACH?

Observing the development of the control theory one sees that there are basically two diff-erent approaches:Model Analysis and Direct Control Approach.In the past three decades themodel analysis approach has been the dominating one,while the classical regulation theory andthe guidance theory,etc.are of Direct Control Approach.There is no clear line between the linearity and non-linearity in control systems.The pur-pose of the control is,more or less,a kind of time-varying process of optimization;it is not aglobal system optimization.The value of feedback is not necessarily a function of state variables;it may be some time-varying quantity.To solve the problems of robustness and adaptability of control systems,it is necessary toget rid of the mathematical model of the systems,and to find the control law,which does notdepend on particular expressions of the system.