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Borel ideals vs. Borel sets of countable relations and trees
Authors:Samy Zafrany
Affiliation:Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
Abstract:For every μ < ω1, let Iμ be the ideal of all sets S ωμ whose order type is <ωμ. If μ = 1, then I1 is simply the ideal of all finite subsets of ω, which is known to be Σ02-complete. We show that for every μ < ω1, Iμ is Σ0-complete. As corollaries to this theorem, we prove that the set WOωμ of well orderings Rω × ω of order type <ωμ is Σ0-complete, the set LPμ of linear orderings R ω × ω that have a μ-limit point is Σ02μ+1-complete. Similarly, we determine the exact complexity of the set LTμ of trees T ω of Luzin height <μ, the set WRμ of well-founded partial orderings of height <μ, the set LRμ of partial orderings of Luzin height <μ, the set WFμ of well-founded trees T ω of height <μ(the latter is an old theorem of Luzin). The proofs use the notions of Wadge reducibility and Wadge games. We also present a short proof to a theorem of Luzin and Garland about the relation between the height of ‘the shortest tree’ representing a Borel set and the complexity of the set.
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