Routine clinical determination of lead,arsenic, cadmium,and thallium in urine and whole blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;3. China College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China;1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Gimnazija Novo mesto, Seidlova cesta 9, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia;3. Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. University of Alicante, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, 17071, Girona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | For the measurement of As, Cd, Pb, and Tl in urine or whole blood, judicious choices of internal standard elements for matrix correction and the development of a refined isobaric arsenic correction are necessary to produce accurate ICP-MS results. Ga and Rh are chosen as internal standards for As and Cd respectively. Bi is better for the correction of Pb and Tl than Re. An empirically derived equation relating the measurement of 16O35Cl to the 40Ar35Cl contribution to the arsenic signal at mass 75 is refined by measuring the responses at mass 51 and 75 for urines with added hydrochloric acid. Overall, ICP-MS results for blood and urine are within 6% of Zeeman GFAAS results for patient samples. For surveys, the overall average of ICP-MS results is within 3% of target. |
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