Fundamental aspects of ion extraction in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. Universite de Pau et des Pays de l''Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, BP 576 64012 PAU Cedex, France;2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;3. Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, Carretera de Huesca s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain;4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Miguel Servet” University Hospital, Paseo Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;5. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d''Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 9, France;6. IIS Aragón. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, “Miguel Servet” University Hospital, Paseo Isabel La Católica 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The present understanding of the ion extraction process in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is reviewed critically. Topics include ion production in the ICP, origins of polyatomic ions, causes of and remedies for the secondary discharge, properties of the supersonic jet and of the beam leaving the skimmer, space charge effects, and matrix interferences. Areas of recent interest are also described from the perspective of the ion extraction process. These recent topics include “cool” plasmas, the three-aperture interface, ion extraction from helium plasmas, and ion sampling considerations unique to magnetic sector, time-of-flight, and ion trap mass spectrometers. |
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