废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料的回收研究现状

锂离子电池(LIBs)具有放电电压高、循环寿命长和无记忆效应等优点,广泛地应用于便携式电子设备、电动汽车、电化学储能等方面。电动汽车的快速发展带动了动力电池的爆发式增长,而磷酸铁锂电池(LFPBs)以其良好的安全性、成本低、无毒等优点,占据大量的市场份额。随之,废旧磷酸铁锂电池报废量也逐年增加,若不及时进行处理则会污染环境,浪费大量的金属资源。本文概述了废旧磷酸铁锂电池正极材料的回收方法,主要包括固相法、酸浸-沉淀法等,对比了诸方法的优缺点;并汇总了预处理、酸浸过程、再生磷酸铁锂(LFP)过程的条件及再生磷酸铁锂电化学性能;提出了废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收中存在的问题,且展望了废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收朝着自动化、绿色环保、低成本的方向发展。

Review on Recycling Cathode Materials of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely applied in portable electronic equipment,electric vehicles,space technology,defense industry etc.,because of their high energy density,excellent cycle performance and non-memory effect. Power batteries increase rapidly with the rapid development of electric vehicles industry,while LFPBs occupies a large market share due to good safety,low cost and non-toxicity etc. With the increase of their usage,the number of spent LFPBs is increasing with years. Spent LFPBs without treatment in time will pollute the environment,and waste a lot of metal resources. This paper summarizes recycling methods of spent LFPBs cathode materials,including pretreatment method,solid phase method,acid leaching-precipitation method etc. The advantages and disadvantages of several methods are compared. The process of pretreatment,acid leaching,LiFePO 4 (LFP) regeneration and electrochemical properties are also summarized. The existing problems in the recovery of LFPs are put forward. Meanwhile,the development of spent LFPs recycling should be towards automatic,green initiative,low-cost in the future.