Disposable electrochemical flow cells for catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) at a bismuth film electrode (BiFE) |
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Authors: | Nahid Gharib Naseri Sara J Baldock Anastasios Economou Nicholas J Goddard Peter R Fielden |
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Institution: | (1) School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK;(2) Petroleum University of Technology, P.O. Box 63431, Kut Abdualah, Ahwaz-Abadan Rd., Ahwaz, Iran;(3) Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece |
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Abstract: | Catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry (CAdSV) has been demonstrated at a bismuth film electrode (BiFE) in an injection-moulded
electrochemical micro-flow cell. The polystyrene three-electrode flow cell was fabricated with electrodes moulded from a conducting
grade of polystyrene containing 40% carbon fibre, one of which was precoated with Ag to enable its use as an on-chip Ag/AgCl
reference electrode. CAdSV of Co(II) and Ni(II) in the presence of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) with nitrite employed as the catalyst
was performed in order to assess the performance of the flow cell with an in-line plated BiFE. The injection-moulded electrodes
were found to be suitable substrates for the formation of BiFEs. Key parameters such as the plating solution matrix, plating
flow rate, analysis flow rate, solution composition and square-wave parameters have been characterised and optimal conditions
selected for successful and rapid analysis of Co(II) and Ni(II) at the ppb level. The analytical response was linear over
the range 1 to 20 ppb and deoxygenation of the sample solution was not required. The successful coupling of a microfluidic
flow cell with a BiFE, thereby forming a “mercury-free” AdSV flow analysis sensor, shows promise for industrial and in-the-field
applications where inexpensive, compact, and robust instrumentation capable of low-volume analysis is required. |
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Keywords: | Bismuth film electrode (BiFE) Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry Cobalt Nickel Dimethylglyoxime Electrochemical detection Flow cell Channel Injection moulding Sensor |
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