A simple method of electrochemical lithium intercalation within graphite from a propylene carbonate-based solution |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 336-745, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Energy & Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan;3. Centre for Computer Simulation and Analytical Science, Samsung Electronics, SAIT Division, Yongin, Republic of Korea;4. R&D center, Samsung SDI Co. Ltd., Cheonan-si, Chungnam-do 446-577, Republic of Korea;5. Korea Basic Science Institute, Suncheon Center, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea;1. Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;2. Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan;3. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan;1. Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;2. Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan;3. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Electrochemical lithium intercalation within graphite from 1 mol dm? 3 solution of LiClO4 in propylene carbonate (PC) was investigated at 25 and ? 15 °C. Lithium ions were intercalated into and de-intercalated from graphite reversibly at ? 15 °C despite the use of pure PC as the solvent. However, ceaseless solvent decomposition and intense exfoliation of graphene layers occurred at 25 °C. The results of the Raman spectroscopic analysis indicated that the interaction between PC molecules and lithium ions became weaker at ? 15 °C by chemical exchange effects, which suggested that the thermodynamic stability of the solvated lithium ions was an important factor that determined the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) in PC-based solutions. Charge–discharge analysis revealed that the nature of the SEI formed at ? 15 °C in 1 mol dm? 3 of LiClO4 in PC was significantly different from that formed at 25 °C in 1 mol dm? 3 of LiClO4 in PC containing vinylene carbonate, 3.27 mol kg? 1 of LiClO4 in PC, and 1 mol dm? 3 of LiClO4 in ethylene carbonate. |
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