Oxidation and carbidation of laser-ablated amorphized Ti particles in carbon monoxide |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Laser Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, ASCR, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ASCR, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic;3. J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, ASCR, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, PR China;2. School of Chemical and Biomolecule Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;3. Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, PR China;1. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, 3 Khrzizhanivskii Str., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine;2. Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;1. National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Romania;2. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Bucharest, Romania;3. University of Craiova, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Craiova, Romania;4. Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania;1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudia Arabia;2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Saudia Arabia;3. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;4. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt;1. Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany;2. Department of Safety and Radiation Protection, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany |
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| Abstract: | IR laser ablation of hexagonal titanium in vacuum leads to amorphization of ablated Ti particles and when carried out in gaseous carbon monoxide it proceeds as reactive ablation involving particles amorphization, oxidation and carbidation. The films deposited in vacuum and in the presence of CO were examined by Fourier transform infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray and electron diffraction and electron microscopy. The Ti films become oxidized upon contact with air and the Ti/C/O films are composed of Ti–O, Ti–C and C–O bonds-containing structures with Ti in Ti2+–Ti4+ state and incorporating crystalline rutile and elemental carbon. The ablation in vacuum represents a new approach to amorphous titanium and it is judged that hot ablated Ti particles are modified by reactions with CO decomposition products into amorphous Ti oxycarbides which undergo rapid post-pulse amorphization. |
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