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On some friends of the sociable numbers
Authors:Paul Pollack
Affiliation:1. Mathematics Department, University of Illinois, 1409 West Green Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
Abstract:Let s(n) denote the sum of the proper divisors of n. Set s 0(n) = n, and for k > 0, put s k (n) := s(s k-1(n)) if s k-1(n) > 0. Thus, perfect numbers are those n with s(n)?=?n and amicable numbers are those n with s(n) ?? n but s 2(n)?=?n. We prove that for each fixed k ?? 1, the set of n which divide s k (n) has density zero, and similarly for the set of n for which s k (n) divides n. These results generalize the theorem of Erd?s that for each fixed k, the set of n for which s k (n)?=?n has density zero.
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