光谱法研究闪电通道的导电特性

依据无狭缝光栅摄谱仪在青海获得的云对地闪电回击光谱信息，结合空气等离子体传输理论，用四种不同方法计算了同一闪电放电通道的电导率。结果表明：各种方法所得闪电核心通道的电导率数量级均为104 S·m-1;且同一通道内的电导率随通道高度的增加有减小的趋势;通道内电子与一次、二次电离离子的碰撞以及它们各自的碰撞对通道电导率的贡献不可忽略;用碰撞积分的方法计算闪电核心通道的电导率结果更为合理。在通道电导率的基础上估算了回击通道的放电电流，与辐射峰值电场实验资料所得的相应峰值电流相比，其结果在合理的范围内, 并进一步探讨了温度与电流放电特性的相关性, 为研究闪电放电电流提供了一条可行的途径。

Study on the Conductivity Properties of Lightning Channel by Spectroscopy

Combining the spectra of cloud-to-ground lightning return obtained by a slit-less spectrograph with the transport theory of air plasma, the electrical conductivity in one discharge channel was calculated with different methods. The results show that the conductivity of the lightning channel core is of the order of 104 S·m-1; the conductivity goes down with the increase in the channel height in the same channel; the contributions of the collisions between electron and first or second degree ionized atoms, and electron-electron as well as ion-ion collisions to the electrical conductivity of the lightning channel core can not be neglected; the collision integrals method is more reasonable for calculating the conductivity of the lightning channel core. Based on the conductivity, the discharge current was estimated and compared with the peak current of every return stroke, and the results are in the reasonable range, further, the correlation between the channel temperature and the discharge characteristics is discussed, which provides a practical way for this aspect.