应用血红蛋白的拉曼光谱进行食管癌诊断的研究

早期诊断对食管癌患者的治疗具有重要意义。通过对21例食管癌患者和20例健康人的血红蛋白溶液进行拉曼光谱的检测和研究，发现食管癌患者与健康人血红蛋白的拉曼光谱有较明显的区别。与健康人相比，食管癌患者血红蛋白中处于低自旋态的铁离子增多，而处于高自旋态的铁离子减少，说明癌变导致食管癌患者血红蛋白中部分处于高自旋态的铁离子转移到了低自旋态，这与癌症患者血样较易溶血的现象相吻合。采用主成分分析(PCA)方法，对所得拉曼光谱建立多元统计模型进行计算，得到的光谱峰值的PCA得分三维散点图可以良好的区分食管癌患者与健康人。利用判别分析方法得出该算法诊断食管癌的灵敏度和特异性分别为90.5%和95%，总判别正确率为92.7%。结果表明，对血红蛋白的拉曼光谱进行检测和分析有可能成为食管癌早期诊断的有效工具之一。

Research on Early Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer by Raman Spectroscopy of Human Hemoglobin

The Raman spectrums of hemoglobin from 20 normal persons and 21 esophageal cancer patients were measured and analyzed in the present paper, the results show obvious differences between the Raman spectrums of esophageal cancer patients and normal persons. Compared with normal persons, there are more iron ions in low spin state and less in high spin state in the hemoglobin of esophageal cancer patients. It indicates that some iron ions in high spin state turned to low spin state because of cancerization, and this experimental result coincides with the fact that hemolysis is more likely to occur in cancer patients. Principal component analysis(PCA) was employed to get a three-dimensional scatter plot of PC scores for the health and cancer groups, and it can be learned that they are distributed in separate areas. By using the method of discriminate analysis, it was found that the diagnostic algorithm separates the two groups with sensitivity of 90.5% and diagnostic specificity of 95%, and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 92.7%.The results from this exploratory study demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis would be an effective method for early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.