Double spin-echo sequence for rapid spectroscopic imaging of hyperpolarized 13C |
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Authors: | Cunningham Charles H Chen Albert P Albers Mark J Kurhanewicz John Hurd Ralph E Yen Yi-Fen Pauly John M Nelson Sarah J Vigneron Daniel B |
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Institution: | Department of Medical Biophysics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. chuck@sri.utoronto.ca |
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Abstract: | Dynamic nuclear polarization of metabolically active compounds labeled with (13)C has been introduced as a means for imaging metabolic processes in vivo. To differentiate between the injected compound and the various metabolic products, an imaging technique capable of separating the different chemical-shift species must be used. In this paper, the design and testing of a pulse sequence for rapid magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of hyperpolarized (13)C is presented. The pulse sequence consists of a small-tip excitation followed by a double spin echo using adiabatic refocusing pulses and a "flyback" echo-planar readout gradient. Key elements of the sequence are insensitivity to calibration of the transmit gain, the formation of a spin echo giving high-quality spectral information, and a small effective tip angle that preserves the magnetization for a sufficient duration. Experiments in vivo showed three-dimensional coverage with excellent spectral quality and SNR. |
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Keywords: | 13C Hyperpolarized Pyruvate Spectroscopic imaging MRSI |
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