镍掺杂SnO2纳米微球锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其性能

利用简单的一步水热法制备高性能的镍掺杂SnO₂ 纳米微球锂离子电池负极材料. 利用扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(high resolution transmission electron microscope, HRTEM)、拉曼分析仪、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)仪以及电化学性能测试仪器(如蓝电测试系统、电化学工作站)分别研究了镍掺杂对SnO₂ 微观形貌、组成、结晶行为及电化学性能的影响, 并得到了最佳反应时间. 实验结果表明：与纯SnO₂相比, 镍掺杂SnO₂ 纳米微球表现出了更好的倍率性能和优异的循环性能. 特别地, 反应时间为12 h 的5 % 镍掺杂SnO₂ 在100 mA/g 电流密度下的首次放电比容量为1 970.3 mA·h/g,远高于SnO₂ 的理论容量782 mA·h/g. 这是因为镍掺杂可适应庞大的体积膨胀, 避免了纳米粒子的团聚, 因此其电化学性能得到了显著改善.

Preparation and properties of Ni-doped SnO2 nanospheres for lithium-ion battery anode materials

Ni-doped SnO₂ nanospheres were synthesized with a facile one-step hydrothermal method as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Raman analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical performance testing equipment such as blue electrical test systems and electrochemical workstation were used to investigate morphology, composition, crystallization behavior and electrochemical properties of Ni-doped SnO₂ and find the best doping reaction time. It has been found that the appropriate Ni-doped SnO₂ nanospheres showed much better rate capability and excellent cycling performance compared with the pristine SnO₂. In particular, the sample of 5%  Ni-doped SnO₂ whose reaction time was 12 h showed a high initial discharge capacity of 1 970.3 mA·h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, far higher than the theoretical capacity of SnO2 of 782 mA·h/g. This was because Ni-doping could accommodate huge volume expansion and avoid agglomeration of nanoparticles. Thus, the electrochemical performance of Ni-doped SnO₂ nanospheres was significantly improved.