应用于生物医疗领域的碳纳米点及其复合物

碳纳米点作为新兴的碳纳米材料,具备制备成本低、尺寸小、低毒、生物相容性高、水溶性好、易修饰、光物理性质独特等诸多优点,在生物医疗领域展现了独有的优势和应用前景。由于具有丰富的表面官能团,碳纳米点可以与靶向配体、医学影像造影剂、核酸、化学药物、光敏剂、光热转换试剂等功能性诊断治疗试剂相互作用形成复合物。目前,碳纳米点及其复合物在医学影像、基因治疗、化学药物治疗、光热、光动力治疗等生物医学诊断治疗领域的应用正在被广泛的开发和报道。这些工作对开发基于碳纳米点的医学诊断治疗试剂及其临床推进具有重要意义,为推进人类重大疾病的个体化、可视化、非入侵式、小损伤的诊断治疗提供一种新的药物体系。本文将关注应用于诊断治疗领域的碳纳米点及其复合物的设计、构建及性能研究,对已报道的基于碳纳米点的诊断治疗试剂在生物医疗领域的研究进展进行总结和讨论。

Carbon nanodots and their composites for biomedical applications

As an emerging carbon nanomaterial, carbon nanodots(CNDs) have many advantages such as low preparation cost, small size, low toxicity, high biocompatibility, good water solubility, easy modification, unique photophysical properties, and exhibit unique advantages and application prospects in the field of biomedicine. Taking advantage of the abundant surface functional groups, carbon nanodots can interact with functional theranostic agents such as targeting ligands, contrast agents in medical imaging, nucleic acids, chemical drugs, photosensitizers, and photothermal conversion reagents to form composites. Currently, bioluminescent imaging applications of carbon nanodots and their composites in biomedical theranostic fields such as medical imaging, gene therapy, chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy are widely studied and reported. These researches are of great significance to the development of medical theranostic reagents based on carbon nanodots and their clinical advancement, and provide a novel drug system for the advancement of individualized, visualized, non-invasive, and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of major human diseases. This paper focuses on the design, construction and performance of carbon nanodots and their composites used in the field of theranostics. In addition, the research progress of the reported carbon nanodots based theranostic reagents in the biomedical field is discussed and summarized.