药渣热解过程NO_x前驱物生成特征及规律研究

以凉茶药渣(HTW)和青霉素菌渣(PMW)为对象,结合热重(TGA)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征,在水平管式反应器上对比研究了热解NO_x前驱物的生成特征,考察了热力因素和燃料理化特性的影响。结果表明,蛋白质N为主要原料N结构,HTW占全部,PMW超过80%,决定了主导NO_x前驱物为NH_3;热力因素不改变此主导性,但会影响前驱物生成路径,改变组分比例及总产率,其强弱顺序为:高温快速高温慢速低温快速≈低温慢速;基于高温快速热解,大粒径和低含水率可分别降低总产率5%-11%和4%-6%;燃料组分影响NH_3产率,低温或慢速下,N结构差别使PMWHTW;高温快速下,灰分元素差异使PMWHTW;半焦N结构及N分布表明,典型热解条件下总产率为20%-45%,与药渣种类无关,可为其清洁利用提供参考。

Characteristics of NOx precursors and their formation mechanism during pyrolysis of herb residues

Based on two herb residues-herbal tea waste (HTW) and penicillin mycelial waste (PMW), characteristics of NO_x precursors during their pyrolysis were investigated in a horizontal tubular reactor with the help of XPS and TGA technologies. Effects of thermal conditions and physicochemical properties of fuels were discussed and compared. The results demonstrate that protein-N is the main nitrogen form for both HTW and PMW, determining the dominance of NH₃ among NO_x precursors at any operational conditions. Thermal conditions would still change the ratio and total yield by intrinsically influencing their formation pathways. Subsequently, the effects could be sequenced as follows:high temperatures with rapid pyrolysis > high temperatures with slow pyrolysis > low temperatures with rapid pyrolysis ≈ low temperatures with slow pyrolysis. Moreover, at high temperatures with rapid pyrolysis, increase in particle size or decrease in moisture content would result in reduction of total yield by 5%-11% and 4%-6%, respectively. In addition, NH₃ yield is produced at low temperatures or slow pyrolysis with sequence of PMW > HTW and vice versa, depending on components in the fuels. Consequently, analyses on nitrogen forms in char and nitrogen distribution indicate that total yield of 20%-45% is observed to be independent of fuel type under typical pyrolysis conditions, which may provide helpful guidance for the clean reutilization of herb residues.