Multicolor saccharide-sensing chips based on boronic acid-containing thin films showing stepwise release and binding of dyes

A novel saccharide sensor that shows a distinct color change resembling a "traffic signal" was developed. By copolymerizing a boronic acid monomer and an amine monomer on a glass plate, a boronic acid-containing thin film was obtained. After adsorbing anionic blue and yellow dyes, the thin film was immersed in aqueous saccharide solutions containing a cationic red dye. As saccharide concentration increased, the thin film changed its color from green to red via yellow. Origin of the distinct color change was attributed to a stepwise release and binding of dyes.