纳米固体材料的物理力学问题

纳米固体材料是由粒度为5—15纳米(nm)的粒子在保持清洁表面的条件下经高压(一般为5GPa)成型的固体材料.这种材料具有新型固体结构和优异的性能.本文提出纳米固体材料制备和性能研究中的物理力学问题.这些问题包括纳米粒子的粒度和分布;压强,密度和状态方程;界面弹性性能和原子间势;扩散塑性和陶瓷增韧;变形和强度以及吸波性. 

PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROBLEMS OF NANO-METER SIZED MATERIALS

The nano-meter sized materials are polycrystals, in which the size of individual crystallites with clean surfaces is in the order of a few nanometers, typically, 5 to 15 nanometers. They are manufactured by compacting the individual crystallites, under a high pressure of 5 GPa, into the solid structure with gas-like disorder. They display different properties from those materials in the crystalline and glassy state. In this paper the physico-mechanical problems of the nano-meter sized materials, including the size and distribution control in preparing, the effect of applied pressure on the density and state equation, the interfacial elasticity and the interatomic potential of grain boundary, the diffusive creep and the toughening of ceramics, the strength and hardness, and the wave-absorption, are analysed and discussed.