Electron microscopy of carbon nanotubes

High-resolution electron microscopy was used to study multiwall carbon nanotubes obtained by the arc-discharge technique and double-and single-wall nanotubes produced by the arc-discharge catalytic synthesis. The structure of conical layer nanotubes obtained by the CVD technique is characterized in detail. It is established that heat treatment of nanotubes gives rise to their structural changes. The structure of nanotubes obtained by carbon evaporation in the N₂-Ar atmosphere under high pressure is determined. A new type of nano-and microtubes with surface-modulated walls is revealed. Possible applications of carbon nanotubes are reviewed.