Neutron emission in interactions of 1H, 2H, 4He, and 12C nuclei with lead nuclei at 1–2 GeV per nucleon

The double differential cross sections for neutron production that were measured by the time-of-flight method for interactions of 2-GeV p and d, 4-GeV ⁴He, and 24-GeV ¹²C with Pb nuclei are discussed. In the phenomenological model of four moving sources, the neutron energy distribution shape at emission angles above 30° is well reproduced with the temperature parameters for all sources that are almost independent of the type and the energy of incident nuclei. Using the developed model, we estimate the mean neutron multiplicity and the energy removed by neutron emission.