Electron donor and acceptor spatial distribution in structured bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices induced by periodic photopolymerization

Donor and acceptor spatial distributions were directly formed in a surface relief grating of structured bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices by simple periodic photopolymerization. Enhanced photocurrents were observed in the structured BHJ photovoltaic devices and formation of the D/A spatial distribution was confirmed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. This technique enables the fabrication of structured BHJ photovoltaic devices with solution-processable organic semiconductors, and has tremendous potential for controlling D/A spatial distribution in organic optoelectronics devices.