微环境养殖概念提出及技术内涵

从当前水产养殖产业中存在的主要问题入手, 分析了宏观环境调控的不足, 提出了微环境养殖概念. 养殖系统中的微环境包括系统中边角区的微小环境和生物体周边的微小环境. 微环境养殖是指调控养殖系统中这2类微环境的质量, 使其适宜于养殖生物的生长和个体发育. 养殖微环境调控是养殖过程中宏观环境调控的必要补充, 通过对系统微环境的有效调控, 最终使得所有养殖生物都生活在其最适宜的环境条件中. 微环境养殖技术是一种精准养殖技术, 其目标是使水产养殖可持续发展, 同时充分考虑养殖生物的福利. 发展微环境养殖技术, 当前应重点开展以下研究: 养殖设施新材料、养殖介质运动规律、微梯度差异的浓度–时间–效应关系、微环境调控技术及效果评估等. 还应重点发展以下交叉学科: 形成养殖微生态学、养殖微环境工程、养殖动物微行为学、养殖动物心理学等, 以促进水产养殖学科和产业的发展.

The concept of micro-environment aquaculture and its technical implications

Regarding the problems currently existing in the aquaculture industry, the insufficient environment regulation and control in cultured system were analyzed. In addition, the concept of micro-environment aquaculture was discussed in this article. The micro-environment culture refers to the regulation and control of the water quality within the micro-environmental areas in aquaculture system. It is developed to make the regulation and control more suitable for the growth and development needs of breeding organisms. There are 2 types of micro-environment in the aquaculture system, the peripheral areas of aquaculture facilities and the biological body. Micro-environment regulation and control are a necessary supplement to macro regulation and control in aquaculture process. With means of effective regulation of micro-environment, all aquaculture organisms will eventually live under their optimum environmental conditions. Micro-environment aquaculture technology is precision-breeding technology, which is aimed to make the aquaculture industry sustainable, with full awareness of the welfare of the breeding organisms.