DH32船用钢板在模拟极地破冰环境中的冰载荷冲蚀磨损性能研究

使用自行设计并加工的低温海冰冲蚀磨损试验机研究了船用低温钢板DH32在模拟极地破冰环境下不同船速条件下的耐海冰冲蚀磨损性能. 利用失重法研究了不同转速下的冲蚀磨损失重率，通过扫描电子显微镜和白光干涉显微镜对材料冲蚀磨损后的微观组织形貌和表面3D形貌轮廓进行观察，并讨论了不同冰水比的冰载荷冲蚀磨损-腐蚀机理. 结果表明:随着模拟船速的不断增加，DH32钢的冲蚀磨损失重率也随之增大. 当转速为3.3 m/s(模拟船速6节)、冰水比为1∶2时，DH32钢样的冲蚀磨损失重率升高幅度最大，达到12%，其在海冰条件下冲蚀磨损以冲蚀磨损坑、犁削、犁沟以及滑坑等失效机理为主. 另外，文中还讨论了常温下砂粒冲蚀磨损和不同冰水比的冰载荷冲蚀磨损的对照性，为后续制定与海冰载荷相关的材料冲蚀磨损标准提供数据支持. 试验证实，以5.5 m/s在43%(质量分数)石英砂+海水溶液中进行冲蚀磨损试验可以近似模拟2∶1冰水比条件下海冰冲蚀磨损对材料破坏作用. 

Erosion-Wear Resistance of DH32 Steel under Ice Load in Simulated Polar Ice-Breaking Environment

The anti-ice erosion-wear resistance of the DH32 ship steel at different ship speeds under simulated polar ice-breaking environment was investigated on a self-designed and processed testing machine. The weight loss rate of the DH32 steel under different simulated speeds was studied using the weight loss method. The microstructure and 3D surface profile of the DH32 steel after erosion-wear tests were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy, respectively. The erosion-wear and corrosion mechanisms of the DH32 steel under different testing conditions were discussed. Results showed that the weight loss rate of the DH32 steel increased with the increase of both the erosion-wear speed and ice-water ratio, and the largest weight loss rate occurred when the simulated speed was 6 knots and the ice/water ratio was 1:2. The erosion-wear mechanism of the DH32 steel under the ice-water environment was dominated by abrasion pits, plowing, furrows, and sliding pits. In addition, the anti-sand erosion-wear resistance of the DH32 steel under sand-water environment at room temperature was examined. It was found that the tests conducted in the sand-water mixture with 43% sand amounted to those conducted in the ice-water mixture with an ice/ratio of 2:1.